Digitalization is affecting every industry, and road freight is next. The business-as-usual is no longer cutting it due to its largely analogue, inefficient nature. Tech companies are capitalizing on this, threatening to disrupt the industry with new digital business models. So, where is the road freight industry headed? One thing is certain: It is inevitably transforming.
Digitalization will fundamentally transform the road freight industry. Yet third-party logistics providers (3PLs) are still relying largely on analogue processes, managing the freight business in a highly inefficient manner. This attracts new market players that effectively leverage digital technologies: Emerging Digital Freight Platforms receive a lot of attention as well as major venture capital funding – approximately 2.8 billion US dollars in the last five years. This shows that investors are speculating on the “uberization” of yet another industry that is clinging to an outdated mindset. The new market entrants, however, do still need to overcome some shortfalls to live up to their promise. Here’s my take on how the industry will likely develop.
Digital Freight Platforms: Tomorrow’s middlemen?
For decades, 3PLs have been planning, coordinating, and matching shippers’ transport demands with carriers willing to take on the loads. But, the way things are moving now, the future might paint a different picture: Tech companies have started to enter the market establishing virtual marketplaces for freight, so-called Digital Freight Platforms (DFPs).
These DFPs focus mostly on small and medium-sized shippers, offering brokerage business, which is based on ad-hoc contracts for specified volumes, at a known time, and for a known origin-to-destination pair. Here, the new DFPs’ disruptive potential becomes clear as they present an efficient alternative to traditional middlemen-activities: They provide greater transparency on prices, an easy-to-use system, and a faster, paperless process.
However, the larger part of the market is made up of contract-based transport – typically long-term contracts for larger shippers’ volumes, shipped at partly uncertain moments in time for multiple origin-to-destination pairs. So far, traditional 3PLs are better equipped to cater to this market segment.
The new DFPs introduce a valid business model – but, in my view, it has much more potential than has been exploited up to now.
Digital Freight Platforms aren’t there yet
Scaling and internationalizing a new, digital business model is difficult and only a few DFPs have managed so far. Additionally, DFPs dispose of limited marketplace volume. Because of this, they lack the liquidity and flexibility required for the timely and costly process of establishing contracts.
DFPs also still rely on human interactions to match prices and capacities. Being new market entrants, they cannot exploit large historical data sets for AI-based matching and prognosis. Smart matching of supply and demand works well for Uber, because optimization is done in real time. However, DFPs face several challenges in this regard. Freight transport is typically booked in advance. Moreover, freight cannot be picked up any time, but rather during specific time windows set by warehousing platforms. Also, freight comes in all shapes and weights, and often requires special handling. All of this means immense planning complexity.
So, an industry-wide disruption is pending. But, there is potential to digitalize the freight industry in an efficient, need-fitting way, without negative effects on the traditional players – if they play it smart, and fast. Fortunately, some have already started to take action.
Various pathways to digitalize in the road freight industry
One thing 3PLs are doing in order to get ahead digitally is founding their own DFP startups. One example of this is Deutsche Post DHL Group’s Saloodo. Some 3PLs are taking a different route, acquiring or investing in existing DFP startups: DB Schenker for example invested in Uship, and UPS in FreightEx. These are, in my view, very constructive moves, since 3PLs have two clear competitive advantages over new DFPs: their existing larger transport volumes and logistics industry know-how.
How these measures will play out in the near future depends on how well digital technologies can be leveraged by the different market players.
It could be the new players advancing along their learning curve and managing to acquire large shippers (e.g. FMCG companies) as their customers. Alternatively, digital marketplace technology may become a commodity enabling large shippers to insource their contract-based transport by creating their own marketplace for freight. And then there are the “old loadboards” – portals that have made carrier capacity available online and are now offering to book capacity from those carriers through self-developed marketplaces.
Blockchain: A wildcard for future road freight
An additional unknown in the equation is blockchain technology. Here, I see three possibilities: blockchain could enable direct shipper-to-carrier relationships; DFPs could leverage blockchain and increase their competitive edge; or when 3PLs have successfully found their digital sweet spot, they could utilize blockchain to further strengthen their market position.
But the successful implementation of blockchain for transport is largely dependent on whether a common blockchain standard will be established. I believe that 3PLs are in the best position to do this. They could impose such a standard on many small carriers. And based on the trust they enjoy, they can create acceptance for this hard-to-grasp technology.
If 3PLs embrace digital marketplace technology and maybe even coin a blockchain standard, I am convinced that they will not become obsolete.
An outlook
The role of 3PLs as middlemen in transport has never been challenged as much as today. To overcome market inefficiencies, a digital transformation of the road freight industry is the only way forward. Fact is: Digitalization will be an integral part of the industry’s future fabric.
Whether it will be the new market players overcoming their challenges and disrupting the industry after all, or the existing market players applying digital marketplace technology in the future – it remains to be seen which scenario will become a reality. Blockchain is a wildcard in all of this, able to drastically alter the future outlook.
For now, it is clear that proactively pursuing digitalization is an urgent prerequisite to stay relevant in this industry.
How will digital and blockchain technologies change future road freight? I am looking forward to hearing your views on the impact of these tech trends, here on my blog, Twitter or LinkedIn accounts.
Digital freight platforms are the future of the shipping logistics industry.
Very interesting article. Looking forward to read more.